Imperfect/Perfect/Future/Progressive

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=82 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000" background="0a4fd521erlcgo.jpg"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>Dena' ina Language Guide</B></FONT><B>     |     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Dena ina Language Guide"><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id2.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Region"><U>Region</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id4.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Introduction"><U>Introduction</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id3.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syntax and Verb Morphology "><U>Syntax and Verb Morphology </U></A>   |   <A HREF="id45.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Tense"><U>Tense</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id15.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Chart Concept"><U>Chart Concept</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id44.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Answer"><U>Answer</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id43.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Verb Stem Dictionary"><U>Verb Stem Dictionary</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id42.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Verb Stem"><U>Verb Stem</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id41.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Stem Aspect"><U>Stem Aspect</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id40.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Prefix Positions"><U>Prefix Positions</U></A>   |   <B>Imperfect/Perfect/Future/Progressive</B></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#FFCC66" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="0a3d2993.jpg"> <div>  <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Dena ina Language Guide"><U>Dena' ina Language Guide</U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=398 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I>Imperfect/Perfect/Future/Progressive</I></div> <div> <B>IV. STRUCTURE OF THE IMPERFECTIVE, PERFECTIVE, and FUTURE</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>A. Imperfective and Perfective</B></div> <div> The different Dena'ina verb themes use different morphemes to indicate either imperfect or perfect. </div> <div> These are described by the morpheme of Position 4 and are structured as follows:</div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="572" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="118"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="118" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><div> Pos. 5</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> Pos. 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> Pos. 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> Stem</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 ><NOBR><div> Ø imperfective</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="94" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> Ø</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="100" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> imp.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 ><NOBR><div> gh imperfective</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="94" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> ghe</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="100" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> imp.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 ><NOBR><div> gh progressive</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="94" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> ghe</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="100" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> future/prog.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 ><NOBR><div> gh perfective</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="94" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> ghe</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> i</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> perf.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 ><NOBR><div> z imperfective</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="94" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> z</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="100" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> imp.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="118"><div> z perfective</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="94" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> z</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="100" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> perf.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 ><NOBR><div> n imperfective</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="94" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> ne</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="100" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> imp.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="118"><div> n perfective</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="94" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> ne</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> i</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> perf.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="118"><div> Ø perfective</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="94"><div> i</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><div> Ø</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="100"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="100" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="130"><div> perf.</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>B. Structure of Future</B></div> <div> Future mode is a tense that corresponds with the English future tense its structure is:</div> <bR> <div>      Pos. 9               Pos. 4               Stem.</div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >    <B> </B></FONT><B>te</B>               <B>ghe</B>               future/progressive</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>